Quotations (and Documentation)
The "Q" items below outline the basics of the MLA (Modern Language Association) style of documenting sources, the method used in English classes and in many other humanities courses. In MLA-style documentation, in-text parenthetical references work in conjunction with a "Works Cited" list to acknowledge source material—quotations, facts and statistics, any ideas or information originating in other sources. On your graded assignments problems in documenting quotations are indicated as Q1, Q1u, Q2, Q3p, etc.
| Q5pd | |||||||||||||||
| Q5ad | Q5m | Q5w |
Q1: Parenthetical citation
Document prose quotations and other borrowed information
by placing the author's name, if needed (see Q1u), and the page number(s)
in parentheses at the nearest point of the sentence after the quotation or other cited material where there is a natural pause (before a comma or semicolon, e.g.), or at the end of the sentence containing the quotation or other
source material.
Example: One famous "Notice by the Author" reads, "Persons attempting to find a motive in this narrative will be prosecuted; persons attempting to find a moral in it will be banished; persons attempting to find a plot in it will be shot" (Twain 3).
Q1na ("na" for "no author"): If there there is no author identified for a source in the works cited list, and you do not identify the source in introducing the quotation (or summary or paraphrase), put a shortened version of the source's title in the parentheses in place of the author's name.
Example: The Auschwitz-Birkenau complex was the largest Nazi death camp, at times holding more than 150,000 inmates ("Auschwitz-Birkenau").
Note: The source is a webpage on the Jewish Virtual Library website; the page's full title is "Auschwitz-Birkenau: History & Overview."
|
Not only directly quoted material requires documentation, but any specific
ideas or information you take from another source. Statistics, facts not
generally known, and your reporting, summarizing, or paraphrasing of either general ideas
or specific statements in another source all require in-text parenthetical citation. Failure to acknowledge sources for any ideas or information gotten from other sources, including websites and dictionaries, is plagiarism.
Q1nc ("nc" for "no comma"): Put no comma or any other punctuation between
the author's name (or brief title) and the page number(s) in parenthetical citations.
Faulty: (Twain, 3). Correct: (Twain 3).
Q1u ("u" for "unnecessary inclusion of author's
name"): If your introduction of a quote
indicates its author or source, put only the page number(s) in the parentheses.
When you introduce a quotation properly (see
nugget 3), the source will usually be evident,
so you need not include the author's name in the parentheses (see MLA Handbook, 8th Edition, pp. 54-57).
Example: Twain writes in the "Notice" to Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, "Persons attempting to find a motive in this narrative will be prosecuted; persons attempting to find a moral in it will be banished; persons attempting to find a plot in it will be shot" (3).Similarly, if the context of your essay clearly establishes the source of a quotation, do not include the author's name in the parentheses. If, for instance, the subject of an entire essay is Dostoyevsky's Crime and Punishment, any quote obviously taken from the novel would require only page number(s) in the parentheses:
Example: Raskolnikov bashes the old woman's head repeatedly with the blunt side of the ax until "Blood poured out as if from an overturned glass and the body toppled over on its back" (66). Note: While you don't see the full context developed by preceding sentences in an essay here, the familiar reference to two characters suggests that context has been established.
Q1p ("p" for "placement"): The MLA is not hard-and-fast on where the in-text parenthetical references should be placed, indicating only that the parentheses containing the reference should be "placed, when possible, where there is a natural pause in the text" (MLA Handbook, 8th Edition, p. 54). The idea is that the flow of the sentence should not be interrupted by the parenthesis, so you should not necessarily place parenthetical references immediately after quotations: you should place parenthetical references close after the borrowed information but immediately before the next comma, semicolon, or dash in the sentence containing the quote, or if the quote ends the sentence, before the final period of the sentence.
Example: George R. R. Martin says that "A reader lives a thousand lives before he [or she] dies" and a non-reader lives only a single life (213); truly avid readers can go well beyond one thousand of these "lives."
Example: When he says that "persons attempting to find a plot in [Huckleberry Finn] will be shot" (3), Twain is probably being facetious.
Example: We trust that Twain is not serious when he says that "persons attempting to find a plot in [Huckleberry Finn] will be shot" (3).
Q1np ("np" for "no pagination"): Some digital sources are without page numbers (ebooks, webpages, and some
full-text digital journal articles, e.g.). If a source has stable numbering of units included in all digital versions, such as paragraph, stanza, or chapter numbers, use the numbering given in the source in place of page numbers. Standard numbering systems other than pagination include paragraphs (abbreviated as "par." or "pars."), sections (abbreviated as "sec." or "secs."), and chapters (abbreviated as "ch." or "chs.").
Be certain that the numbering is indeed the same across all digital platforms, however. Sources such as ebooks may not have the same numbering system across all platforms ("percentages" in a Kindle version of an etext may not apply in other digital versions, for instance), so if you are uncertain of whether the numbering system applies in all versions, use the numbering you are certain of (chapters, e.g.); otherwise, leave out the numbering. For sources without pagination or consistent numbering systems across all platforms, put in the parentheses only the first item included in the works cited entry for the source, usually the author or a short version of the title (see Q1na above). If you include the author's last name and a numbering system other than pagination, put a comma after the author's name.
Examples: (Smith, par. 6), (Jones, pars. 7-8); (Hardy, sec. 17), (Hardy, secs. 3-4); (Johnson, ch. 5).
Q1mw ("mw" for "multiple works" by the same author): If you cite two
or more works by a single author, in place of the author's name in the parentheses,
put an easily recognized shortened version of the title of the work
cited (beginning with the first word of the title that factors into the alphabetizing of the works cited list; in the example below, the full titles are "The Black Cat" and "The Tell-Tale Heart").
Example: One Poe narrator asserts defensively, "mad am I not" ("Black Cat" 182), and another asks with even more pointed defensiveness, "but why will you say I am mad?" ("Tell-Tale" 189).
Q1a ("a" for "avoid page numbers in your text"): Avoid mentioning the page number(s) of sources in the flow of your text. That is, refrain from such tactics as saying "Walton mentions on page 17 that. . . ." The MLA considers that doing so "would interrupt the flow of ideas" (MLA Handbook, 8th Edition, p. 54).
Q2: Punctuation and parenthetical citation
Place closing quotation marks immediately after the
final word quoted. The parenthetical page reference goes outside the
quotation marks, and there should be a single typed space between the closing
quotation mark (or the last of your own words at the end of a sentence) and
the parentheses.
Faulty:
Emma becomes "more avid and inflamed than before (205)."
Emma becomes "more avid and inflamed than before"(205).Correct:
Emma becomes "more avid and inflamed than before" (205).
Q2up ("up" for "unnecessary punctuation"): Unless the quotation itself ends with a question mark or an exclamation point, put no punctuation between the last word of the quote and the closing quote mark. The end of a quotation is not the end of your sentence—the parenthetical citation is—so final punctuation should come only after the parentheses. Commas, periods, semicolons (;), and colons (:) should never be included within the quote marks at the end of a quotation. Only if the quote ends with a dash (—) to indicate that a speech breaks off abruptly should a dash be included before a closing quote mark. If the quoted passage ends in a question mark or exclamation point, include the question mark or exclamation point inside the closing quote mark and still place a closing punctuation mark after the parentheses at the end of your sentence.
Faulty: The doctor tells Rose that Oliver Twist has "been the companion of thieves for some time past;" (272).
Correct: The doctor tells Rose that Oliver Twist has "been the companion of thieves for some time past" (272).Faulty: Rose cannot hold Oliver's past against him. She says of his captivity among a gang of thieves, "I still do not see anything in it to criminate the poor child." (272).
Correct: Rose cannot hold Oliver's past against him. She says of his captivity among a gang of thieves, "I still do not see anything in it to criminate the poor child" (272).Faulty: When Mrs. Maylie insists that the servants were not involved in the burglary, Detective Officer Blathers says, "but they might have been in it," (273).
Correct: When Mrs. Maylie insists that the servants were not involved in the burglary, Detective Officer Blathers says, "but they might have been in it" (273).Faulty: The doctor asks Blathers if he wants a drink: "What shall it be" (274)?
Correct: The doctor asks Blathers if he wants a drink: "What shall it be?" (274).
Q3: Block quotations of prose
When a prose quotation is longer than four lines on your typed page (not in the original source), indent the entire quote half an inch from the left margin—only from the left margin, not the right. Block quotes are double spaced uniformly with the rest of your paper: put no extra spaces before or after block quotations.
Example:
In "The Tell-Tale Heart," the narrator's defensiveness about hissanity calls his credibility into question. The story opens with the
narrator protesting his sanity with some vehemence:
True!—nervous—very, very dreadfully nervous I had beenMost readers recognize early on that the narrator is a madman,and am; but why will you say that I am mad? The disease
had sharpened my senses—not destroyed—not dulled them.
Above all was the sense of hearing acute. I heard all things
in the heaven and in the earth. I heard many things in hell.
How, then, am I mad? Hearken! and observe how healthily,
how calmly I can tell you the whole story. (62)
and it comes as no great surprise when he reveals himself a
paranoid and psychotic killer.
Q3uq ("uq" for "unnecessary quote marks"): Block quotes (of both prose
and poetry) require no outer quotation marks. If quotations are included within some portion of the block quote but not extending to the full length of the block quote, use double quote marks just around the portion of the block quotation containing quotation marks in the original source.
Q3p ("p" for "placement of parentheses"): With block quotes,
place the parentheses with page number(s) one space after the source's final
punctuation mark. See the example above.
Q4: Citing poetry
and drama in verse (Shakespeare, e.g.)
MLA citation of quotes from poems or plays in verse works differently from
citation of prose quotations in several respects:
Q4lb ("lb" for "line breaks"): Since the arrangement of the text
into separate lines on the page is a defining element of poetry, or verse,
you must indicate breaks between lines when quoting poems or plays in verse.
When the quote is incorporated directly into the body of your paragraph (not
set off as a block quote), indicate breaks between lines of verse with a slash
(/). If the quoted lines include a stanza break, indicate this break with two forward slashes rather than one. Insert one typed space before and after slashes indicating line
or stanza breaks.
Faulty:Note that slashes are unnecessary before the first line or after the last one, and that the poem's original capitalization of line beginnings is followed in the quotation.
The speaker of Theodore Roethke's "My Papa's Waltz" tells his father, "The whiskey on your breath/Could make a small boy dizzy;/But I hung on like death" (1-3).The speaker of Theodore Roethke's "My Papa's Waltz" tells his father, "The whiskey on your breath/ Could make a small boy dizzy;/ But I hung on like death" (1-3).
Correct:
The speaker of Theodore Roethke's "My Papa's Waltz" tells his father, "The whiskey on your breath / Could make a small boy dizzy; / But I hung on like death" (1-3).
Q4b ("b" for "block"): While more than four lines of prose in your typing are indented as a block quotation, more than three lines of poetry as they appear in the original source require block indention. When quoting poetry in block indention, no slashes are needed to indicate line breaks, and you should put separate lines in the original source on separate lines in your block quotation: make the passage on your page resemble its original form in the published source as closely as possible. If the spacing of words or lines in the original source is unusual, you should represent the original's spacing as precisely as you can in your paper.
Examples:
Blake's "Proverbs of Hell" challenge readers with the "wisdom" in such lines
as these from the eighth plate:Prisons are built with stones of Law, Brothels with bricks of Religion.
The pride of the peacock is the glory of God.
The lust of the goat is the bounty of God.
The wrath of the lion is the wisdom of God.
The nakedness of woman is the work of God.
Excess of sorrow laughs. Excess of joy weeps. (1-6)
Browning's speaker in "The Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister" seems hardly
"monk-like" when he says:Gr-r-r—there go, my heart's abhorrence!
Water your damned flowerpots, do!
If hate killed men, Brother Lawrence,
God's blood, would not mine kill you! (1-4)
Q4ln ("ln" for "line numbers"): Put line numbers, not page numbers,
in parentheses for quotations of poetry. Page numbers for poems are indicated
only in the list of works cited (see the Q4 examples just above). For the first parenthetical reference only, you may include the word "line" or "lines," but avoid the abbreviations "l" or "ll," since these can be confused with numbers.
Q4mp ("mp" for "multiple parts"): Put part and line numbers, separated
by a period and no spaces, in parentheses for quotations of poetry divided into separate
"parts," "cantos," or "books" if the line
numbering starts over at line 1 in each successive part, canto, or "book"
of the poem.
Example: In Milton's version of the Eden story, Adam and Eve have sex and then argue incessantly after they have both eaten the apple: "Thus they in mutual accusation spent / The fruitless hours, but neither self-condemning, / And of their vain contest appeared no end" (9.1187-89). Note that the 9 indicates "Book 9" of Paradise Lost.
Q4vd ("vd" for "verse drama"): In parenthetical citation of
quotations from plays in verse (Shakespeare, e.g.), act, scene, and line
numbers are noted in the parentheses, with periods and no spaces between the
three numbers. MLA-style documentation dictates that act, scene,
and line numbers should be Arabic numerals, not Roman numerals.
Example: The beginning of Hamlet's soliloquy is perhaps the most famous passage in all of Shakespeare: "To be, or not to be, that is the question" (3.1.56). Not (III.i.56).
Q5: The Works Cited
page
Q5t ("t" for "title"): On a separate page following the text of your essay, center the title, Works Cited, at the top of
the page without quotation marks or underlining and in the same font and
font size as the body of your paper. There is no need to create a separate document for a works cited page: after the last paragraph of your essay text, press the <Ctrl> and <Enter> keys simultaneously to start a new page for the works cited list in the same document file with the text of the paper.
Q5ds (double spacing): Double space the entire Works Cited page throughout,
from the title, Works Cited, to the end of the last entry: insert no extra
spaces beyond the normal double spacing before, within, or between entries.
Q5a (alphabetical): Arrange the list of works cited alphabetically
by the author's last name. If the author
of a source is unknown, alphabetize by title. With multiple works by a single
author, also alphabetize individual works by title.
Q5nn (no numbers): Works cited entries should not be numbered as footnotes
and end notes are, nor should they be organized as bullet points: begin works cited entries with the first component of the entry, usually the author's last name,
not a number or other typographical symbol.
Q5hi (hanging indent): Begin works cited entries at the far left margin, and for entries of more than one line,
indent the second and any subsequent lines one-half inch from the left margin
in a "hanging indent."
To set a hanging indent in Microsoft Word, right-click where you want the hanging indent to begin (or select the text needing the hanging indention and right-click), select "paragraph"; then select the "indents and spacing" tab if it has not been selected by default; click the triangular pull-down icon under "special" (see arrow below); select "hanging"; close the "paragraph" window by clicking "OK."
Q5me (multiple entries by one author): When two or more works cited have the same author, each work requires a separate entry. After listing the author's name in the first entry (alphabetical by title), in place of the author's name for subsequent entries, type three hyphens followed by a period: ---.
The 2016 MLA update: Prior to 2016, the MLA structured works cited entries according to the type of source (book, article, DVD, website, etc.). The new method organizes works cited entries not by type of source, but by the core elements common in all works cited entries: author, title, version, location, etc. The new style permits more flexibility than the old system and recognizes that many elements in some entries will not apply in others, particularly with the proliferation of digital sources across newly emerging media. I outline below the most common types of works cited entries you will need in most of your undergraduate English courses: books, or works taken from books; journal articles; and websites. For other types of works cited entries, consult the MLA Handbook, 8th Edition, or an authoritative writing handbook that includes the 2016 MLA updates. Courtesy of W. W. Norton Publishing Company, you can find a very handy 49-page booklet illustrating a variety of works cited entries in PDF form here: Norton's A Guide to MLA Style: 2016 Update.
Common types of works cited entries
Q5b ("b" for "book," as in an entire book—a novel or a biography, e.g.)
Note that some books will not include all of these elements (translator, edition or volume number, etc.). Include only the elements applicable to the book you are citing. The author and book title are both followed by periods; the remaining elements are separated by commas and ended with a period.
1) Author(s) of the book, last name first (for the first author only), followed by a period.
2) Full title of the book, including any subtitle, followed by a period.
3) Q5ac ("additional contributors"): Additional contributors (if any), such as an editor (preceded by "Edited by") or translator (preceded by "Translated by") each or either followed by a comma.Examples:
Edited by Gregory A. Maddux,
Translated by Thomas Glavine,
4) Q5ev ("edition/volume"): Edition number and/or volume number (if any) of books having more than one edition and/or volume, each or either followed by a comma. If the entry has both edition and volume, put the edition first and the volume second. Indicate edition with Arabic ordinal number (2nd, 8th, etc.) followed by the abbreviation "ed."; precede volume number with the abbreviation "vol."Example:
12th ed., vol. 2,
5) Q5pub ("publisher"): The name of the publisher identified on the title page, followed by a comma.
Q5x ("extraneous," unnecessary): With publisher names, leave out nonessential information such as "Publishers," "and Sons," "& Company," etc. If the full name of the publishing company is Macmillan Publishing Company, for instance, put only Macmillan in the works cited entry. University Presses should be abbreviated "UP": U of Texas P for the University of Texas Press, for example, or Northwestern UP for Northwestern University Press.
6) Q5pd ("publication date"): The year of publication for the edition you are citing, followed by a period. The date of publication may be indicated on the title page; it will always be noted with the copyright symbol © on the copyright page. If there is more than one copyright date, use the most recent.
Examples of typical entries for an entire book in print form:Cervantes, Miguel de. Don Quixote de la Mancha. Translated by
Samuel Putnam, Modern Library Edition, Random
House, 1949.
Child, Lee. Night School. Delacorte Press, 2016.
DeVane, William Clyde. A Browning Handbook. 2nd ed,
Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1955.
7) Q5eb ("ebook"): Works cited entries for ebooks follow the same pattern as with print books, with the word "ebook" beginning the "edition" element—or the specific type of ebook if you know it (Kindle, Nook, etc.).Examples of ebook entries:
Tolstoy, Leo. Anna Karenina. Translated by Constance Garnett,
Kindle ed., Simon and Schuster, 2010.
Brown, Dan. The Da Vinci Code. Ebook, Doubleday, 2003.
8) Q5od (book in an "online database"): Works cited entries for books in online databases follow the same pattern as with print books, followed by these three items: a) the name of the database, in italics, and b) the DOI (digital object identifier number), preceded by "doi" in lower case, or the URL (web address, beginning with the "www"), separated by commas and followed by a period; then c) the word "Accessed" and the latest date you accessed the book, followed by a period.Example of online book entry:
Dickens, Charles. David Copperfield. Harvard Classics ed.,
P. F. Collier, 1917, Bartleby.com, www.bartleby.
com/307/. Accessed December 18, 2016.
Q5fb ("fb" for "from a book," typically a work from an anthology such as your English textbook in a 1000- or 2000-level class)
Note that some items taken from books will not include all of these elements (translator, edition or volume number, etc.). Include only the elements applicable to the work and book you are citing. The author and work title are both followed by periods (so is the translator of the work, if any); the remaining elements are separated by commas and ended with a period.
1) Author of the work cited (an essay, short story, poem, or play, e.g.), last name first, followed by a period.
2) Title of the work cited (the essay, short story, poem, or play, e.g.), followed by a period.
3) Translator of the work cited, if any (the essay, short story, poem, or play you cite, e.g.), followed by a period.
4) Title of the book (the anthology, collection, or textbook, e.g., in which you found the work cited), followed by a comma.
5) Q5ed (editor[s]): The words "edited by," followed by the general editor or editors indicated on the book's title page, followed by a comma (see examples below). The editors of a literature anthology may also be the authors of commentary or other original matter within the anthology: Ann Charters is the editor of The Story and Its Writer, e.g., and Alison Booth and Kelly J. Mays are the editors of The Norton Introduction to Literature's tenth edition. In a collection of works, or anthology, the editors are typically listed on the title page (and cover) where authors are usually listed in other books. When there are more than three editors, you may list only the first one, followed by "et al" (Latin for "and others"), as in "edited by Jerome Beaty et al."
6) Q5ev ("edition/volume"): Edition number and/or volume number (if any) of books having more than one edition and/or volume, each or either followed by a comma. If the entry has both edition and volume, put the edition first and the volume second. Indicate edition with Arabic ordinal number (2nd, 8th, etc.) followed by the abbreviation "ed."; precede volume number with the abbreviation "vol."Example:
9th ed., vol. A,
7) Q5pub ("publisher"): The name of the publisher identified on the title page, followed by a comma.
Q5x ("extraneous," unnecessary): With publisher names, leave out nonessential information such as "Publishers," "and Sons," "& Company," etc. If the full name of the publishing company is Macmillan Publishing Company, for instance, put only Macmillan in the works cited entry. University Presses should be abbreviated "UP": U of Texas P for the University of Texas Press, for example, or Northwestern UP for Northwestern University Press.
8) Q5ad ("anthology publication date"): The year of publication for the edition of the anthology or collection you are citing, followed by a comma. The date of publication may be indicated on the title page; it will always be noted with the copyright symbol © on the copyright page. If there is more than one copyright date, use the most recent.
9) Q5p (pages): Page numbers of the entire work (story, play, poem, essay, etc.), preceded by the abbreviation "p." or "pp." and followed by a period. If the work is longer than a single page, include the range of pages for the entire work (poem, story, essay, etc.) from first page to last (not just the page[s] you quote or reference in the text of your essay). Note: Page numbers should not be put in parentheses.
Examples of a typical entry for works taken from a book (anthology, e.g.):Eberstadt, Mary. "Eminem Is Right." The Little, Brown Reader,
edited by Marcia Stubbs and Sylvan Barnet, 12th ed.,
Longman, 2012, pp. 171-84.
Browning, Elizabeth Barrett. Aurora Leigh. The Norton Anthology
of English Literature, edited by Stephen Greenblatt et
al, 9th ed., vol. E, Norton, 2012, pp. 1138-52.
10) Q5eb ("ebook"): Works cited entries for ebooks follow the same pattern as with print books, with the word "ebook" beginning the "edition" element—or the specific type of ebook if you know it (Kindle, Nook, etc.). See the example for the ebook works cited entry under Q5b above.
11) Q5od (book in an "online database"): Works cited entries for books in online databases follow the same pattern as with print books, followed by these three items: a) the name of the database, in italics, and b) the DOI (digital object identifier number), preceded by "doi" in lower case, or the URL (web address, beginning with the "www"), separated by commas and followed by a period; then c) the word "Accessed" and the latest date you accessed the book, followed by a period. See the example for the online book works cited entry under Q5b above.
Q5j (journals): Articles from journals.
Works cited entries for journal articles
do not require editors or publishers. The author and article title are both followed by periods; the remaining elements are separated by commas and ended with a period.
1) Author(s) of the article, last name first (for the first author only), followed by a period.
2) Title of the article, in quote marks and followed by a period.
3) Title of the journal, italicized and followed by a comma.
4) Volume number, preceded by the abbreviation "vol." and followed by a comma.
5) Issue number (if any), preceded by the abbreviation "no." and followed by a comma. The issue number is necessary only when each issue's pagination begins at 1; otherwise you need only the volume number.
6) Date, followed by a comma. Typically the date will be the year of the volume; if the season or month of the issue number is available, include that information as well.
7) Page numbers of the entire article, from first to last, preceded by the abbreviation "p." or "pp." and followed by a period.Examples of volume number, issue number, and date:
vol. 32, no. 3, 1993,
vol. 16, no. 1, Jan. 2006,
vol. 12, no. 4, fall 2015,
Examples of entries for journal articles in print form:
Bloom, Harold. "How to Read a Poem: Browning's 'ChildeRoland.'" Georgia Review, vol. 28, 1974, pp. 404-18.
Kearns, Michael. "'But I Cried Very Much': Esther Summerson
as Narrator." Dickens Quarterly, vol. 1, no. 4, 1984,
pp. 121-29.
8) Q5ft ("ft" for "full-text"): Full-text digital articles from online databases (JSTOR, EBSCO, Lexis-Nexis, etc.):
Works cited entries for full-text articles from digital or online databases follow the same pattern as with print articles. If the article has no page numbers listed, leave out the page number element; if only the first page number is listed or the pages are not sequential, write the page number followed by a plus sign (+).Then add the following three items: a) the name of the database, in italics, and b) the DOI (digital object identifier number), preceded by "doi" in lower case, or the URL (web address, beginning with the "www"), separated by commas and followed by a period; then c) the word "Accessed" and the latest date you accessed the article, followed by a period.
Examples of entries for journal articles from online databases:
Thoms, Peter. "'The Narrow Track of Blood': Detection andStorytelling in Bleak House." Nineteenth-Century
Literature, vol. 50, no. 2, 1995, pp. 147-167. JSTOR,
https://www.jstor.org/stable/ 2933689. Accessed
February 11, 2015.
Mathews, Carol A., Nirmaljit Kaur, and Murray B. Stein.
“Childhood Trauma and Obsessive-Compulsive
Symptoms.” Journal of Depression and Anxiety,
vol. 25, 2008, pp. 742-51. PsychINFO, doi 10.
1002/da.20316. Accessed June 25, 2015.
Q5m (magazines): Articles from magazines.
Generally, magazines are geared towards popular audiences and contain articles by a staff of writers, whereas journals are usually very specialized in nature and contain articles written by scholars or professional experts. Scholarly journals are typically "peer reviewed," meaning that a group of experts in the field evaluate submissions to decide whether or not they will be published in the journal. Time, Popular Mechanics, Vogue, and Sports Illustrated are examples of magazines. Unless otherwise instructed, in your academic research you are more likely to seek articles in journals rather than magazines.
Works cited entries for magazine articles articles resemble those for journal articles, except that in place of the volume and issue number is the date of the magazine's publication.
Example of magazine article entry:
Kirkpatrick, Curry. "Do or Die." ESPN the Magazine, March 22, 1999,pp. 66-67. ESPNMag.com, www.espn.com/magazine/vol2no06
intro.html. Accessed December 10, 2016.